Life cycle of a Thread and creating thread class

 

Life cycle of a Thread /Thread States:

        A thread can be in one of the five states. According to sun, there is only 4 states in thread life cycle in java new, runnable, non-runnable and terminated. There is no running state.The life cycle of the thread in java is controlled by JVM. The java thread states are as follows:

1. New

2. Runnable

3. Running

4. Non-Runnable (Blocked)

5. Terminated

   
   
   
   

   1) New

   The thread is in new state if you create an instance of Thread class but before the invocation of start() method.

   2) Runnable

   The thread is in runnable state after invocation of start() method, but the thread scheduler has not selected it to be the running thread.

   3) Running

   The thread is in running state if the thread scheduler has selected it.

   4) Non-Runnable (Blocked)

   This is the state when the thread is still alive, but is currently not eligible to run.

   5) Terminated

   A thread is in terminated or dead state when its run() method exits.

     

   Create thread:-

   There are two ways to create a thread:

1. By extending Thread class
2. By implementing Runnable interface.

 
 

Thread class:

Thread class provide constructors and methods to create and perform operations on a thread.Thread class extends Object class and implements Runnable interface.

Commonly used Constructors of Thread class:

Thread() Thread(String name) Thread(Runnable r) Thread(Runnable r,String name)

Commonly used methods of Thread class:

1. public void run(): is used to perform action for a thread.
2. public void start(): starts the execution of the thread.JVM calls the run() method on the thread.
3. public void sleep(long miliseconds): Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease execution) for the specified number of milliseconds.
4. public void join(): waits for a thread to die.
5. public void join(long miliseconds): waits for a thread to die for the specified miliseconds.
6. public int getPriority(): returns the priority of the thread.
7. public int setPriority(int priority): changes the priority of the thread.
8. public String getName(): returns the name of the thread.
9. public void setName(String name): changes the name of the thread.
10. public Thread currentThread(): returns the reference of currently executing thread.
11. public int getId(): returns the id of the thread.
12. public Thread.State getState(): returns the state of the thread.
13. public boolean isAlive(): tests if the thread is alive.
14. public void yield(): causes the currently executing thread object to temporarily pause and allow other threads to execute.
15. public void suspend(): is used to suspend the thread(depricated).
16. public void resume(): is used to resume the suspended thread(depricated).
17. public void stop(): is used to stop the thread(depricated).
18. public boolean isDaemon(): tests if the thread is a daemon thread.
19. public void setDaemon(boolean b): marks the thread as daemon or user thread.
20. public void interrupt(): interrupts the thread.
21. public boolean isInterrupted(): tests if the thread has been interrupted.
22. public static boolean interrupted(): tests if the current thread has been interrupted.

 
 

Runnable interface:

The Runnable interface should be implemented by any class whose instances are intended to be executed by a thread. Runnable interface have only one method named run().

1. public void run(): is used to perform action for a thread.

Starting a thread:

start() method of Thread class is used to start a newly created thread. It performs following tasks:

• A new thread starts(with new callstack).
• The thread moves from New state to the Runnable state.
• When the thread gets a chance to execute, its target run() method will run.

1) Java Thread Example by extending Thread class

 class Multi extends Thread{  

public void run(){  
System.out.println("thread is running...");  
}  
public static void main(String args[])

{  
Multi t1=new Multi();  
t1.start();  
 }  
}  

output:-thread is running...

2)Java Thread Example by implementing Runnable interface

class Multi3 implements Runnable{  
public void run(){  
System.out.println("thread is running...");  
}  
  
public static void main(String args[]){  
Multi3 m1=new Multi3();  
Thread t1 =new Thread(m1);  
t1.start();  
 }  
}  

output:-thread is running...